| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Function of the cerebellum | Balance, recognize and predict sequence of events during complex movements, and subconsciously provide precise time and appropriate patterns of skeletal muscle contraction |
| The Choroid Plexus is composed of which type of neuroglia? | Eppendymal cells |
| What are the pathway(s) that CSF takes to get out of the ventricular regions and into the subarachnoid space? | Laterial and median apeture |
| Which of the following is/are pathway(s) that CSF takes to get from the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricle? | Cerebral aquaduct |
| The central sulcus is… | what separates the precentral gyrus from the postcentral gyrus |
| The longitudinal fissure is… | what separates the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum |
| Melatonin is produced in the ______________, which is under the control of the Master Clock, also known as the _________, which regulates circadian rhythms. | pineal gland; suprachiasmatic nucleus |
| The corpus callosum is… | a dura mater extension that separates the two hemispheres of the brain, through the longitudinal fissure |
| The middle cerebellar peduncles connect… | the pons to the cerebellum |
| You're washing dinner dishes and out of the corner of your eye, you catch a glimpse of something moving. What part of the brain was activated for this visual reflex? | Superior colliculi |
| Hypothalamus | Regulates body temperature, food intake, water imbalance, thirst, and other homeostatic functions, mediate autonomic nervous system f(x), and control center for the pituitary gland |
| Which mechanoreceptor will detect deep vibrations? | Pacinian corpuscles |
| Which mechanoreceptor will detect deep continuous sensations? | Ruffini endings |
| Which mechanoreceptor will detect light touch? | Meissner's corpuscles |
| Which mechanoreceptor will detect muscle strech? | Muscle spindles |
| Which mechanoreceptor will detect a stretch in tendons? | Golgi tendon organs |
| Which mechanoreptor will detect a stretch in articular capsules? | Joint kinesthetic receptors |
| The spinal cord extends from _________ to _________ | foramen magnum; conus medullaris |
| Which of the following is an extension of connective tissue from the cauda equina, which anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx? | Filum terminale |
| an extension of connective tissue from the pia mater which anchors the spinal cord to the vertebral column, all the way down the length of the spinal cord. | Denticulate ligament |
| In the Sympathetic NS, the preganglionic neuron enters the paravertebral ganglion via the? | White ramus of the rami communicante |
| In the Sympathetic Nervous System, the preganglionic neuron releases ___________ and the postganglionic neuron releases ______________. | acetylcholine; norepinephrine & epinephrine |
| You notice your respiratory rate has increased drastically to supply your body with oxygen, and similarly, you know that your bronchioles have dilated. What caused this effect? | Epinephrine binding to beta 2 receptors on the lungs |
| During relaxation, decreased contraction of the heart would be controlled by the ______________ and, more specifically, would be signaled by the efferent nerves of the _______________ | autonomic nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system |
| Which of the following is true of parasympathetic nervous system? | The preganglionic neuron releases ACh, which binds to nicotinic ACh receptors on the postganglionic neuron; and the postganglionic neuron releases ACh, which binds to muscarinic ACh receptors on the effector tissue |
| Which of the following is true of the sympathetic nervous system? | The preganglionic neuron releases ACh, which binds to nicotinic ACh receptors on the postganglionic neuron; and the postganglionic neuron releases norepinephrine, which binds to alpha receptors on the effector tissue. |
| Which of the following is/are parasympathetic nervous system effects? | Increased digestion, decreased heart and respiratory rate, and glucose is stored in the liver |
| Remembering how to ride a bicycle is what type of memory? | Procedural memory |
| Remembering prom is what type of memory? | Episodic memory |
| Remembering facts such as who was the first US president is what type of memory? | Semantic memory |
| The correct order of the three meninges from deepest to most superficial is… | Pia mater, Arachnoid mater, Dura mater (PAD) |
| The areas that do NOT have a blood brain barrier? | Choroid Plexus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland |
| Which membrane separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum? | Tentorium cerebelli |
| Which membrane separates the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum? | Falx cerebri |
| The central sulcus… | what separates the precentral gyrus from the post central gyrus |
| The function of the ______________ is for learned, repetitious, patterned motor skills. | The premotor cortex |
| The neuroglias used for the developement of the blood-brain barrier? | Astrocrytes |
| The Primary Gustatory Cortex is… | within the insula and involves taste perception. |
| Cerebral Lateralization is when… | both hemisphere will receive information from the precentral gyrus and the postcentral gyrus. |
| In order for the two hemispheres to communicate with one another, ______________ fibers will be used. | Commissures |
| In order for the cerebrum to communicate with the lower brain and spinal cord, ___________ fibers will be used. | Projection |
| True or False. The left side of the brain controls things involved with language, math, logic | True |
| Which gland of the diencephalon controls the Pineal gland which produces melatonin to control the sleep-wake cycle? | Epithalamus |
| The Pons play a role in… | relaying signals from frontal lobe to cerebellum |
| Which nucleus regulates the Circadian Rhythms? | Suprachiasmatic Nuclei |
| Which reflex was activated for hearing? | Inferior Colliculi |
| What is Long-Term Potentiation? | The synapse is stimulated at high frequency to cause an increased EPSP |
| The Superior cerebellar peduncles are to… | connect the midbrain to the cerebellum |
| The emotions mad and scared? | Amygdala |
| 2. Once Glutamate has diffused through the synapse and binds to AMPA, __________ ions move ___________ the postsynaptic neuron. | Na // Into |
| Crossing over of the ____________ occurs at the Decussation of pyramids within the _____________. | Corticospinal tracts // Medulla Oblongata |
| Which statement best describes the Secondary Order Neurons? | Interneurons with the cell body in the dorsal horn and extends to the thalamus |
| Because of the increased concentration of Na ions in the postganglionic neuron, Nitric Oxide will form. This compound plays a role in… | Increasing the release of glutamate causing a greater EPSP |
| What occurs during a Long-Term Potentiation? | Increase growth of post synaptic dendritic spines and Increase in number and size of presynaptic terminals |
| Which receptors respond to light energy? | Photoreceptors |
| Which receptors respond to a stimuli that causes pain? | Nociceptors |
| Because of the increased concentration of Na ions in the postganglionic neuron, NitricOxide will form. This compound plays a role in… | Increasing the release of glutamate causing a greater EPSP |
| Ventral (anterior) horn and root contains what? | voluntary motor neurons |
| Dorsal(posterior) horn and root contains what? | interneuron, sensory axons |