| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Definition of an Atom | Basic unit of matter |
| What are the particles of an Atom | Proton(positive), neutron(neutral), and electron(negative) |
| Definition of compounds | Substance formed by chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions |
| Definition of Ionic Bonds | Formed when one of more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| Definition of Covalent Bonds | Formed when two atoms share electrons |
| Which bond is stronger? Ionic or Covalent? | Covalent |
| Why is covalent the stronger bond? | Because covalent shares electrons instead of giving them away |
| What are the 6 important Elements for life? | Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur |
| What is water composed of? | 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen |
| How is water polar? | Water has an uneven distribution between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms |
| Why Do water molecules attract each other? | Because water is partially negative and partially positive. |
| What are hydrogen bonds? | When water molecules attract each other. |
| What is cohesion? | The attraction between molecules of the same substance. |
| What is adhesion? | The attraction between molecules of different substances. |
| What is capillary action? | The force that draws water up against the force of gravity. |
| What is hydrophilic? | Water loving(usually polar molecules) |
| What is hydrophobic? | Water fearing(usually non-polar molecules) |
| What is a mixture? | Material composed of 2 or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together. |
| What is a solution? | When all the components are evenly dispersed throughout the mixture. |
| What is solute? | The substance that is dissolved. |
| What is a solvent? | The substance in which the solute is dissolved in. |
| What is a suspension? | When all the particles do not dissolve but are separated in smaller pieces so they dona??t settle out. |
| What is a PH scale? | The scale that indicates the concentration of the H+ ions on a solution. |
| The scale runs from what number? | 0-14 |
| What PH does pure water have? | 7 |
| What PH do acids have? | Lower than 7 |
| What PH do bases have? | Higher than 7 |
| What ions do acids have more of? | H+ |
| What ions do bases have more of? | H- |
| What surrounds the nucleus of an Atom? | Electron cloud |
| When am Atom loses an electron, what charge does it have? | Negative |
| In a water molecule, which atoms are positive and which are negative? | Hydrogena??s are positive and oxygens are negative |
| Most life processes are a series of chemical reactions influenced by what 2 factors? | Environmental and genetic |
| What is metabolism? | The sum of all biochemical processes |
| What 2 processes make up metabolism? | Anabolic and catabolic |
| What is anabolism? | The building up of complex molecules |
| What is catabolism? | The breaking down of complex molecules |
| What element makes a molecule organic? | Carbon |
| What are the 5 functions macromolecules perform? | Energy production, transport, waste disposal, synthesis(creation) of new molecules, and the storage of genetic material. |
| How many bonds can carbon form? | 4 covalent bonds |
| What are macromolecules? | Building blocks also called monomers. |
| What are the 4 main macromolecules? | Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleus acids |
| What are the 3 main carbohydrates? | Monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide |
| What are the 2 functions of carbohydrates? | Provide and store energy |
| What is another name for something that is not soluble in water? | Lipids |
| Which macromolecule stores the most energy? | Lipids |
| What are the 5 functions of lipids? | Long-term energy storage, protection against heat, protection against water loss and germs, chemical messengers, and its a major component of membranes |
| What are triglycerides made of? | 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
| What are the 2 kinds of fatty acids? | Saturated fatty acids(bad) and u saturated fatty acids(good) |
| What are the building blocks of protein? | Amino acids |
| What are the 2 kinda of amino acids? | Essential and non-essential |
| What are the 7 functions of protein? | Storage, transport, regulatory, movement, structural, enzymes, and defense |
| How many levels of structure do proteins have? | 4 |
| What are enzymes? | Proteins that help speed up chemical reactions in the body |
| How are enzymes specific in their function? | Each enzyme only had one reaction |
| What is meant bya??enzymes are not changed when they perform their function?a?? | The same enzyme can be used more than once. |
| What determines the enzymes function? | The shape |
| What is denaturing? | When an enzyme cana??t work anymore due to changes in temperature and PH level |
| What is an active site? | The place where a substrate binds to an enzyme |
| What function do nucleic acids provide? | Controlling cell activities by controlling protein synthesis |
| What are the 2 types of nucleic acids? | Deoxyribonucleic acid( DNA-double helix) and ribonucleic acid(RNA-single strand) |
| What are the building blocks of nucleic acids? | Nucleotides |
| What makes up the back bone of a nucleic acid? | Phosphate group and sugar(5-carbon) |
| What are the nitrogen bases | Adenine, thymine, cytosine, uracil, and guanine |
| What are the nitrogen base bondings? | For DNA it is A-T and G-C. For RNA it is A-U and G-C. |
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