| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two ,metabolic pathways | Cellular respiration and photosynthesis |
| What is metabolism | All the chemical reactions in a cell or an organism, |
| What do enzymes do | Speed up chemical reactions and they are usually proteins |
| What are catabolic pathways | Breaking down a large molecule into smaller onesCellular respirationReleases energy and the cell captures the energy |
| What is an anabolic pathway | Building up small molecules into larger ones Photosynthesis Consume energy and takes energy to build up the small molecules "endergonic" consumes |
| What is kinetic energy | Energy of motion Heat energyLight energy |
| What is potential energy | Stored energy Chemical Bonds |
| What is thermodynamics | The study of energy conversions |
| What is the first law of thermodynamics | Energy doesn't change but it can be converted from one form to another |
| What is the second law of thermodynamics | When energy converted from one form to another some is "lost" as heat |
| What is the disorder of the universe | Entropy |
| What does ATP function as | an energy molecule |
| What is primary productivity | Amount of energy that came from the sun that is converted to the potential entry of the chemical bonds in carbohydrates |
| What is the mitochondria | Organelle in the cells |
| What is the middle of the mitochondria called | The mitochondria matrix |
| What are the three steps in cellular respiration | Glycolysis, Pyruvate/Citric Acid Cycle, and Oxidative |
| What steps in Cellular respiration is there little ATP made | Glycolysis and Pyruvate/Citric Acid Cycle |
| What step in cellular respiration is there a lot of ATP made | Oxidative Phosphorylation |
| What happens in Glycolysis | Breaking glucose in half and end up with 2 pyruvate End up with 2 ATP and 2 NADH |
| What happens in Pyruvate Oxidation/Citric Acid Cycle? | Mitochondrial Matrix=carbon gets produced Breaking off of one carbon from pyruvate and it goes off as CO2Running of the citric acid twice for every glucose put in |
| What is carbon fixation | Taking inorganic molecules and making them organic |
| What is the organelle for photosynthesis | Chloroplast |
| What is the thylakoid | Its in chloroplast and its important stuff with photosynthesis and there is chlorophyll in the thylakoid |
| Short wavelength typically have what kind of energy | Higher energy |
| Longer wavelengths typically have what kind of energy | Lower energy |
| What is used to go from ATP to ADP | Hydrolisis |
| Is ATP stable or unstable? | Unstable |
| Is ADP short term storage or long term storage | Short Term |
| What kind of molecules are Glycogen and Starch | Stable MoleculesLong term storage of energy |
| Is energy put in or out to go from ADP to ATP | Energy in put in |
| Is energy put in or out to go from ATP to ADP | Energy is taken out |
| What law of thermodynamics does Photosynthesis follow | The second law |
| How does photosynthesis work | Start with an inorganic molecule Uses energy from the sunTurns into an organic molecule=Carbohydrate |
| What kind of pathway does photosynthesis use | AnabolicIt builds up a small molecule to a larger one |
| What is endergonic and what pathway does it take place in | Consuming of energy and Anabolic |
| What is exergonic and what pathway does it take place in | Releasing of energy and Catabolic |
| What happens in Cellular Respiration | You start with an organic molecule (Carb)Then energy is extracted (ATP)Turn into an inorganic molecule (CO2 + H20) |
| How do you get from NAD to NADH | NAD picks up an electron |
| How do you get from NADH to NAD | NADH drops off an electron |
| What happens in Oxidative Phosphorylation | NADH and FADH dump off their electrons and turn into NAD and FAD |
| What then happens in the Electron Transport Chain | NAD and FAD Electrons are given to Oxygen Then breaks oxygens double bond Grabs H+ and becomes water |
| During photosynthesis, what is the process called going from an inorganic molecule to an organic one | Carbon Fixation |
| What is the Calvin cycle responsible for making | Carbohydrates |
| What does the Calvin cycle have to start with | Inorganic Carbons in the from of CO2 |
| Where does the energy come from to power the Calvin cycle | ATP |
| Where do light reactions happen | Within the Thylakoid |
| What is the enzyme used in the Calvin cycle to go from inorganic to organic | Rubisco Enzyme |
| Whats the hoover dam example | -Water behind the dam is Potential Energy- Water gains KE and loses PE by allowing it to move down through the dam-KE of the water moving to turbine – Turbine turning is KE of electricity |
| What trophic level uses photosynthesis | Producers |
| What trophic level uses Cellular Respiration | Primary |
| How much energy do adults need | 2,200 Kcal and its 150lbs of ATP |
| Where does Glycolysis take place | Cytosol |
| How many chemical reactions happen in Glycolysis | 10 |
| What is Glycolysis | 1 Glucose goes in 2 3 carbon molecules of pyruvate come out 2 ATP is made |
| What happens in the Pyruvate Oxidation | Each 3 Caron pyruvate is converted to 3 CO2 2 ATP is produced |
| Does ATP Synthesis require energy or release it | Requires energy |
| Does ATP hydrolysis require or release energy | Releases it |
| What is the input and output for the light reactions | Input: Light, ADP, H20, and NADPOutput: O2, ATP, NADPH |
| What is the input and output of the Calvin cycle | Input: ATP and NADPHOutput: ADP, Pi, and NADP |
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