Question |
Answer |
In 1879, in psychology’s first experiment, _______ and his students measured the time lag between hearing a ball hit a platform and pressing a key. |
Wilhelm Wundt |
In the early twentieth century, _______ redefined psychology as “the science of observable behavior.” |
John B. Watson |
A psychologist treating emotionally troubled adolescents at a local mental health agency is most likely to be a(n) |
clinical psychologist. |
A mental health professional with a medical degree who can prescribe medication is a _______. |
psychiatrist |
A psychologist doing research from the _______ perspective might be interested in how our blood chemistry affects our moods and motives. |
neuroscience |
Nature is to nurture as biology is to |
experience. |
_______ _______ is the principle that our mind processes information on two tracks at the same time—one with our full awareness and the other outside of our awareness. |
dual processing |
_______ _______ refers to our tendency to perceive events as predictable and obvious after the fact. |
hindsight bias |
Theory-based predictions are called |
hypotheses |
Knowing that two events correlate provides |
a basis for prediction. |
To explain behaviors and clarify cause and effect, psychologists use _______. |
experiments |
In this, neither the participants nor the researchers know who is in the experimental group or control group. |
double-blind procedure |
The neuron fiber that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles and glands is the |
axon |
In a sending neuron, when an action potential reaches an axon terminal, the impulse triggers the release of chemical messengers called |
neurotransmitters |
____________are released in the brain in response to pain or vigorous exercise. |
endorphins |
_________________controls the glands and the muscles of our internal organs |
autonomic nervous system |
The neurons of the spinal cord are part of the _______ nervous system |
central |
______________is especially evident in the brains of young children. |
plasticity |
Failure to see visible objects because our attention is occupied elsewhere is called _______ _______. |
inattentional blindness |
Our body temperature tends to rise and fall in sync with a biological clock, which is referred to as our _________ |
circadian rhythm |
In interpreting dreams, who was most interested in their latent content, or hidden meaning. |
Freud |
The three major issues that interest developmental psychologists are nature/nurture, stability/change, and |
continuity/stages |
The threadlike structures made largely of DNA molecules are called ________________ |
chromosomes |
A small segment of DNA is referred to as a ___________________ |
gene |
Chemicals that the placenta isn’t able to screen out that may harm an embryo or fetus are called __________________ |
teratogens |
Stroke a newborn’s cheek and the infant will root for a nipple. This illustrates |
a reflex. |
_______ twins share the same DNA. |
Identical |
Between ages 3 and 6, the human brain experiences the greatest growth in the _______ lobes, which we use for rational planning and which aid memory. |
frontal |
An 8-month-old infant who reacts to a new babysitter by crying and clinging to his father’s shoulder is showing _______ _______. |
stranger anxiety |
From the very first weeks of life, infants differ in their characteristic emotional reactions, with some infants being intense and anxious, while others are easygoing and relaxed. These differences are usually explained as differences in |
temperament |
Adolescence is marked by the onset of __________ |
puberty. |
According to ________________, a person who can think logically about abstractions is in the formal operations stage |
Piaget |
In ________________stages, the primary task during adolescence is forging an identity. |
Erikson’s |
Freud defined the healthy adult as one who is able to love and work. Erikson agreed, observing that the adult struggles to attain intimacy and |
generativity |