China AP Global Essay

Question	Answer
How did the Ming Dynasty come to power?	They overthrew the Mongols.
When did the Mongols conquer the Song Dynasty?	1279.
What was the beginning of the Ming's rule like?	Prosperous- increased food production, population grew, continued trade.
What consequences did Mongol invasion have on Ming rule?	Xenophobia, wanted to protect their culture, brought back civil service exams, made Confucianism the state religion, but still continued to trade silk and porcelain, specifically.
What were examples of the emperor's power during the Ming dynasty?	Eunuchs served as spies, vast Forbidden City in Beijing, large armies.
Ming China had one of the strongest trading systems in the 1500's. Why is this ironic?	Merchants were at the bottom of their social class, trading wasn't valued, saw foreigners as inferior.
What is the main difference between the Song and Ming dynasties?	The Song were known for their technological innovations, while the Ming did not invent much in order to preserve their identity.
What were the consequences of the Ming not inventing anything?	Led to their downfall, Europe took the Song's inventions and improved them, such as the printing press and gunpowder.
What vocab words could be used to describe the Ming's foreign policies?	Isolationism, Middle Kingdom, ethnocentrism, xenophobia.
How was Zheng He an exception to Ming China's foreign policies?	He explored the world and learned more about foreigners instead of fearing them.
How did Matteo Ricci attempt to make Ming China Christian?	He learned Chinese, taught the emperor European math and science, improved their calendar, and showed them new technology, such as the coocoo clock.
What was the result of the jesuits comparing Christianity to Confucianism?	The Pope was offended by this and no longer supported them.
What happened when the emperor found out about the Pope's orders?	He demanded that no more Chinese convert to Christianity.
What were the short term effects of Christianity in China?	Not many converted. (200,000)
What were the long term effects of Christianity in China?	Open doors from China and Europe- Europeans were intrigued by Chinese culture and Chinese to European technology
Why did the Ming Dynasty fall?	Peasant rebellions, long borders, attacks from nomadic groups on Great Wall, corruption, factions disputed.
Who took over after the Ming Dynasty?	The Qing (Pure) Dynasty, aka the Manchurians from the north.
How did the Manchurians come to rule?	Mandate of heaven was lost, attacked the Great Wall, called themselves a dynasty to gain acceptance from Chinese, "Pure" meaning they were rightful rulers.
What did Matteo Ricci think of China?	He was very impressed by their army, philosophy, and respect for emperors.
What was the political goal of the Qing Dynasty?	To conquer all of the land that the Ming Dynasty had once had.
Did the Qing reach their goal?	Yes, and much more. They conquered Taiwan, made China the largest size it has been in history, as well as the largest country in the world.
What were the Manchurians like politically?	Manchurians filled the highest political positions, but left the scholar gentry in the bureaucracy, kept civil service exam.
What was the Qing Dynasty like socially?	Wanted to keep Manchurian culture, no intermarriage, quque to force Chinese to submit to their rule.
How were the Qing like the Ming politically?	Centralized government, emperor had the mandate of heaven, emperor lived in the Forbidden City.
How was it clear that the Qing honored their emperor?	Kowtow, adorned robes, lived in the Forbidden City.
Kangxi.	Ruled in the late 1600's, strong military ruler, expanded China, Confucian.
Qianlong.	Only had to tax peasants four times a year due to his thriving economy, ruled in the late 1700's, Confucian.
How did the Confucian Ming and Qing have an effect on the status of women?	Only wanted male children, only boys could take civil service exams, widow suicide, women couldn't divorce their husbands, foot binding.
How did the Confucian Ming and Qing have an effect on the social classes?	Scholar gentry were high in the social classes, wore adorned robes and lived in cities, merchants were low on the social class because their jobs didn't require a lot of education.
What were the economic effects of Europeans and Chinese interacting during the Ming dynasties?	The Europeans wanted their porcelain for their tables and vases, which made China money.

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