| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Columbian Exchange | global changes in the resources, habits, and values of Amerindians, Europeans, Africans, and Asians that followed the discovery and settlement of the Americas. This was the exchange of ideas, plants, animals, and people from the New World to the Old. |
| Dutch East India Company | a company founded with government backing to trade with the East and Southeast Asians. The Dutch, English,and French governments sponsored these to start in the early 17th century. |
| Mercantilism | a system in which government controls all economic activity in a country and it's colonies to make a country's government richer and stronger. (more riches=more power) |
| Balance of trade | the difference in the country's imports and exports (to be balanced) |
| Factories | Europeans established these along the coast of Africa during the age of Informal Empire. |
| Informal Empire | the era in African history that lasted 1400s-1880, when Europeans remained content to restrict their dealings with Africa primarily to trade. Europeans and Africa=only valid for trading. |
| Middle Passage | The 2nd part of Triangle Trade, a sea journey undertaken for slaves across the sea from West Africa to the West Indies. |
| Triangular Trade | the best known trading system. It carried slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods for the Americas to gain. |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed to settle conflicts over land by Columbus's discoveries. |
| Longitude | Left to right |
| Latitude | Up and down |
| Three reasons of exploration | God, glory, gold |
| Started a navigation school in 1419 | Prince Henry the Navigator |
| First (country) to establish trading posts in Africa, South America, India, and South East Asia. | Portugal |
| New types of posts used by the Portuguese | caravels |
| Native American empire that ruled in present day Mexico | Aztec Empire |
| Native American empire that ruled in South America | Incan Empire |
| Spanish conquistador that led expedition against Aztecs | Cortes |
| Spanish conquistador that led expedition against Incans | Pizarro |
| This disease was responsible for Native's death during the Columbian Exchange | Small pox |
| First person to find an ocean route to India | de Gama |
| Age of exploration | Period between the 15th, 16th,and 17th centuries when Europeans began to traveling distances across the world and make contact with other cultures |
| First European to have circumnavigated the world | Magellan= startedElcano= finishedMagellan= the credit* |
| Searched for the West Indies, ended up proving the world was circular, sailed West from Spain, found the Americas. | Columbus |
| English man, sailed for Dutch East India Company, landing in New York looking for a northwest passage. | Hudson (Hudson River) |
| How may slaves didn't survive the trip from Africa to the Americas? | 1/3 |
| Atlantic Slave Trade is another word for | Triangular Trade |
| The Americas gave this to Europe from the Atlantic Slave Trade | Raw materials |
| Europe traded to Africa this from the Atlantic Slave Trade | Manufactured goods (guns for example) |
| passage from Africa to Americas | Middle Passage |
| Why were Europeans looking for a sea passage to Asia? | Spices |
| Where did Magellan die? | The Philippines |
| Who traveled to the Chinese court of Kublai Khan and wrote his experiences in Asia, traveling along the Silk Road? | Marco Polo |
| God | to find new lands in the name of God, spread Christianity, conversion of people in certain areas, ethnocentrism |
| Ethnocentrism | to believe other religions and practices aren't civilized in comparison to your own. |
| Glory | end of isolation, make a name for oneself (gain greater status), to gain power (since the prestige of a national was based on ability of exploration) |
| End of isolation | Europeans sough to grandeur, glory, and spirit of adventure. |
| Gold | explorers wanted to expand their own wealth, wanted to gain greater status, |
| What had ben practiced since ancient times? | Slavery |
| What did the need for workers on bring slavery to the Americas | plantations |
| Native Americans could not supply what? | Labor when needed |
| What 3 countries connected Triangular Trade? | Europe, Africa, Americas |
| How many slaves were taken in the 16th, 17th, and 18th century? | 16th=275,00017th=over a million18th=6 million |
| How many slaves were taken in total? | 10 million |
| What were the first slaves? | Prisoner of war |
| African merchants and chieftains did what to find slaves? | Raided villages |
| Slave traders sold what? | Slaves from African Merchants |
| What were the 3 sides of triangular trade? | 1st side-taking goods from Europe to Africa2nd side (Middle Passage)- shipping Africans to the Americas3rd side-returning to Europe w produce |
| What kind of produce was received during the last stage of Triangular trade? | Cotton, sugar, tobacco, molasses, and rum. |
| What factors led up to trinangular trade? | Europeans were to weak, they needed labor, Muslims had a complete monopoly of trade routes, Mercantilism caused them to need raw materials. |
| Trade and travel changed the world how? | Movement of people, cultural diffusion, genocides |
| Cultural diffusion | spread of cultural beliefs through different nations |
| When slaves were captured, was it respectfully or violently? | Violently |
| What were slaves forced to hold before being loaded on ships? | Pens |
| Trans-atlantic journey? | The Middle Passage |
| Ships were what? | Filthy, hot, crowded |
| Slaves were sometimes forced to lie how? With how many inches of space between them? | Lie in chains, 20 inches |
| Slaves alive= | Maximized profits |
| Slaves were… | force fed, thrown overboard to prevent spread of disease, only 50% survived during the early days, and the percentage soon decreased to 5% morality after the trade influence increased significantly. |
| On good conditions, how long did it take the ships during the Middle passage to sail from Angola to Brazil? | 30 to 50 days. |
| British, French and Dutch ships how long from Guinea and Caribbean islands? | 60 to 90 days |
| What happened during the selling process? | 2/3 of the participants were men, they were washed off with grease and tar to look more wealthy, they were sold to auctioneers who inspected them and their teeth for age. |
| 15th and 16th century | 2,000 aa sold p/y |
| 17th century | 20,000 aa sold p/y |
| 18th century | 55,000 aa sold p/y |
| 1780's | 88,000 aa sold p/y |
| A total of 12 million Africans were taken where? | To the western hemisphere |
| How many died from captivity and journey of destination? | 4 million |