| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is geology? | The study of the materials that make up Earth and the processes that form and change these materials |
| What is astronomy? | The study of the objects beyond eartha??s atmosphere |
| What is meteorology? | The branch of the earth science that studies the air that surrounds our planet |
| What is oceanology? | The study of the earths oceans, which cover nearly three-fourths of the planet |
| What are the SI units for each measurement? | Length, weight, and mass, area and volume, density, time, temperature |
| Why is the scientific method important? | Scientist use it to discover the rule, from simple to extremely complex, that govern our vast universe |
| What is cartography? | The science of mapmaking |
| What is latitude? | Latitude is the distance in degrees north or south of the equator |
| What is longitude? | Longitude is the distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian, which is the reference point |
| What is the equator and where is it on a world map? | Equator separates the earth into two equal halves called the northern hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. The equator circles the earth halfway between the north and south poles |
| What is the prime meridian and where is it on the world map? | The prime meridian is the reference point for longitude. It runs through Greenwich and England |
| Correct form for a pair of coordinates | 27 07a??S, 109 22a??W |
| What is a topographic map? | Shows changes in elevation of eartha??s surface |
| What are contour lines? | Connects points of equal elevation |
| What is the map legend? | Explains what the symbols represent |
| What does the map scale tell you? | It tells you how to measure distances by showing you the ratio between distances on a map and actual distances on the surface of the earth |
| Name two instruments used for remote sensing? | Satellites and GPS |
| What is an element? | A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means |
| What are the particles that make up the atom and what are their charges? | Proton (positive), neutron (neutral), electrons (negative) |
| What is a compound made up of and give an example | A compound is composed of two more different elements that are chemically combined. An example is water H2O |
| How are covalent bonds and ionic bonds different? | Covalent bonds is an attraction of two atoms for a shared pair of electrons and ionic bonds is an attraction force between two ions of opposite charges. |
| What is a chemical reaction? | The change of one or more substances into other substances |
| What are mixtures? | A combination of two or more components that retain their identities |
| How many types of mixtures are there and what are they? | Three- they can be liquid, gaseous or solid |
| What are the states of matter? | Gas, liquid, solid and plasma |
| How are the atoms arranged in a solid and how close/far apart are they? | Arranged in a definite pattern with densely packed particles |
| How are the atoms arranged in a liquid and how close/far apart are they? | Have no definite shape but they take on the shape of the . Particles can slide past each other |
| How are the atoms arranged in gas and how close/far apart are they? | Particles move independently of each other and travel randomly. They are separated by relatively large distances. |
| How are the atoms arranged in plasma and how close/far apart are they? | Consist of electrons that are knocked away from atoms and have positive ions and free electrons |
| What are the four qualifications for minerals? | Naturally formed, inorganic, solid, unique chemical composition. |
| What are the two ways that minerals can form? | From the cooling of magma and when element dissolve in a supersaturated solution |
| Name three things that can help identify a mineral | By color, luster, and texture |
| How can minerals be useful? | Mining and gems |
| How are igneous rocks formed? | Formed from the crystallization of magma |
| Name two types of igneous rocks | Extrusive and intrusive |
| What is the difference between demain and magic rocks? | Felsic rocks are light colored and magic rocks are dark colored. Felsic have high silica content and magic rocks have lower silica content |
| What is one way that igneous rocks are useful? | Granite is used in kitchens because it is durable and beautiful |
| What is weathering? | A set of physical and chemical processes that break rock into smaller pieces |
| What is erosion? | The removal and movement of surface materials from one location to another. |
| What is deposition? | Sediments are laid down on the ground or sink to the bottoms of bodies of water. |
| What is an example of weathering? | When the minerals in a rock are dissolved or chemically charged |
| What is an example of erosion? | When rock fragments have been weathered out of outcrops and then transported to new locations |
| How are sedimentary rocks formed? | When sediments become cemented together |
| What are metamorphic rocks? | A rock that changes form while remaining solid |
| How are metamorphic rocks formed? | When high temperature and pressure combined to alter the textures, mineralogy, or chemical composition of a rock without melting it |
| Explain the rock cycle | The rock cycle happens when a rock is changed into another type of rock. This is a continuous changing and remaking of rocks as they are recycled. |
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