| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What part of the spine has the greatest ROM and has what type of curve | – Cervical – Lordotic |
| What part of the spine has the greatest amount of protection and what type of curve | – Thoracic – Kyphotic |
| What type of spine has an equal balance of protection and ROM and what type of curve | – Lumbar- Lordotic |
| What are the 6 Malalignments of posture | – Kyphosis – Forward head – Flatback- Swayback- Lordosis- Scoliosis |
| For a lateral evaluation for posture what 3 things must you look for | – Position of knees- Position of head- Position of trunk |
| For a anterior and posterior evaluation for posture what 3 things must you look for | – Position of feet- Position of lower extremities/pelvis- Position of trunk /head |
| The scapula rests on what ribs and what vertebra is the scapula spine at | – 2-7- T3 |
| What are the 3 vertebral joints | – Zygopophyseal (sup and inf articulating facets)- Costovertebral (rib and thoracic)- Intervertebral (verterbral bodies) |
| What part of the spine allows lots of mobility in all directions | – Cervical spine |
| What part of the spine allows more side-bending and rotation | – Thoracic spine |
| What part of the spine allows more flexion and extension | – Lumbar spine |
| What are the 5 supporting ligaments of the spine | – Anterior longitudinal ligament- Posterior longitudinal ligament- Ligamentum Flavum (yellow)- Interspinous ligament- Supraspinatus ligament |
| What joint allows for active nodding | – Atlanto-occipital joint |
| What percentage of the total cervical ROM occurs at the AA joint and how many articulations does it have | – 55%- 3 separate articulations |
| What are the 7 major neck muscles | – SCM- Longus Colli- Scalenes – Levator scapulae – Splenius capitis – Trapezius – Suboccipital muscles |
| What are the 4 ROM and values for the neck and spine | – Flexion – 40- Extension – 50- Lateral flexion – 20-25- Rotation – 50 |
| What is the special test for the head and neck | – Foraminal Compression test (spurling) |
| What are the 4 important parts of the sternum | – Suprasternal notch- SC joint- Sternal angle – Xiphisternal junction |
| What 2 muscles help with respiration | – External intercostal muscles (elevates ribs)- Internal intercostal muscles (depresses ribs) |
| What 2 muscles help with rotating trunk | – External oblique muscle (rotate opposite side)- Internal oblique muscle (rotate same side) |
| What muscle helps with compression of the abdomen | – Transversus abdominal |
| What muscle flexes trunk compresses abdomen and depresses ribs | – Rectus abdomen |
| What is the spinal flexor | – Quadratus lumborum |
| What are the 3 superficial spinal extensors | – Spinalis group- Longissimus group- Iliocostalis group |
| What are the 5 Deep spinal extensors | – Semispinalis group- Multifidus muscle- Interspinalis muscles – Intertransversarii muscle- Rotatores muscles |
| What are 3 things to look out for when looking at the Thoracic spine | – Breathing patterns- Bilateral comparison of skin folds- Shape of chest |
| What are 3 things to look out for at the lumbar spine | – general movement – Lordotic curvature – Standing posture |
| What are the ROM and Values for the Thoracic and Lumbar | – Flexion – 4" with measureing tape, 55-60 with inclinometer- Extension – 20-30- Side bending (lateral flexion) – 35- Rotation – 45 |
| What is a implications for Functional scoliosis and Structural scoliosis | – Functional scoliosis disappears during flexion – Structural scoliosis is present at rest and during flexion |
| What are the 4 special tests for the Thoracic and lumbar spine | – Valsalva Maneuver – Spring test- Unilateral SLR- Slump test |
| What are the 6 innominate (ilium) motions | – Anterior rotation- Posterior rotation – Inflare- Outflare- Upslip – Downslip |
| What are the 3 Positional SIJ tests | – SI joint fixation test and Gillet test- SI joint Stress test and squish test – Long sitting test |
| How many joints does the TMJ have | – Upper and Lower joint |
| The Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)provides sensations to the face through what 3 divisions | – Opthalmic- Maxillary- Mandibular |
| The Facial Nerve (CN VII) is a branch of nerves that go to what 5 structures | – Temporal – Zygomatic- Buccal- Mandibular- Cervical |
| The TMJ allows motion in how many planes and axes | – 3 and 3 |
| What are the 5 movements | |
| What is the grading of the MMT for mastication | – F- functional- WF – weak functional- NF – non functional – 0 – absent |
| What is the special test for the TMJ | – Chvosteks sign |
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